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Mean, Median, Mode & Range

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Short answer

Mean = sum ÷ count. Median = middle value when sorted. Mode = most-frequent value(s). Range = max − min.

Numbers

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How it works

The four central tendency measures answer different questions about your data — mean is the arithmetic average, median is the middle value (less affected by outliers), mode is the most common value, and range is the spread.

Worked example

4, 8, 15, 16, 23, 42 → Mean 18, Median 15.5, no Mode, Range 38.

Who should use this

  • Students working through statistics homework
  • Anyone summarising survey or test results

Common mistakes

  • ×Forgetting that the median needs the data to be sorted
  • ×Reporting mean when outliers make median more meaningful

Frequently asked questions

When should I use median instead of mean?

When data has extreme outliers (e.g. salaries, house prices), median better represents 'typical'.

Can there be more than one mode?

Yes — if two or more values tie for most frequent, the data is bimodal or multimodal.

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